History of mankind started when man could apprehend himself as an intelligent creature. He wanders bare footed over the earth surface in search of food and shelter. Also man looked at the sky at every step of life and was surprised at the changing phases of the sky until his brain got tired. But his wonderment never lost in vain. He could acquire gradually multifarious knowledge from the attractive environment around his dwelling. Environment. Supplied him water, food and shelter and also made 16m to be a, trained creature. He picked up gradually the knowledge in various kinds of fruits, cereals and vegetables, and in the sources non-vegetable foods. He learnt to differentiate between poisonous and consumable foodstuff and recognized whether they were readily available for consumption or they were required or to be processed for making them consumable. Thus man was forced to be a scientist, as he had to find out the methods of processing his foods from many raw foodstuffs. Man invented the process to separate -husk from paddy and he knew how to use fire to boil rice, potato and to convert wheat to bread. His research work was not confined to the acts of food processing, also he could not overlook the changing sky in where the sun rose with bright light and heat and the noon shone with pleasant light. He was quite aware or air and storm, rain and thunder warm and frost. He learnt welcome or encounters them but he could not find out the causes of those natural phenomena. A vast unknown field on our earth and in the sky inspired human race to evolve Science, a name of a subject that could satisfy him in understanding the causes of the creation, existence and destruction of all the matters or the growth and decay of all living creatures. At that early state of the subject it was not properly defined what would be its goal. Many attractive natural phenomena could not be solved through systematic arguments. But man did not stop there. He tried to understand particularly attractive phenomena more deeply through more systematic arguments or logics. A flowing urge in his mind led him to create another subject, which is now known as Philosophy. Intelligent groups of the human race started to explain those phenomena based on logical arguments. In many cases, they failed to explain the events of nature through arguments when they searched out a unique way they inclined to believe in super-natural power which was held responsible for those events including the causes of creation maintenance and destruction of all matters human being. Gradually the human race became satisfied with their beliefs in the supernatural powers. They also felt that it was the best way for achieving systematic progress of the human race towards valuable lives with peace and dignity. Those feelings helped them to formulate religions; and those got propagation-among the human race in various forms the old schools of religions taught their people through mythological stories explaining the natural phenomena, the causes of the existence the universe and the destiny of the human race. Actually regions were family developed on faiths. However, initially faiths were also based on arguments, but later religions did not encourage arguments against beliefs.
Mystery of the creation of our universe was so deep that it was impossible to reveal the truth through religious mythologies.
A man was born with limited intellectuality and with his organisms of limited capabilities. This state prevailed for a long period of his history. His inability to understand the universe properly deepened his belief in supernatural powers and it was one of the prime causes for having stagnation in his eagerness to understand the universe more deeply. He was also convinced that the human power was very limited in comparison to great supernatural power Every day or every moment that state of mind exerted influence, on his faculty, until he could start, utilizing his faculty to invent, necessary equipment which worked as aids to his sense organs, that led him to emerge as a scientist in true sense. Meanwhile, philosophers had already developed the basic thought and speculating power that made mathematics and plane geometry, which were taken to be the vital requirements for the progress to science. But it was also realized that what he would see in the sky or in other objects through his naked eyes or through telescopes or microscopes or other modern technical tools or instruments might fail many times to project before him real informative pictures of them. Even at present we think how our universe has come into existence and what will be its ultimate fate. Is it stable or expanding? Is it finite or infinite? These big questions are remaining before us to be solved. What are the dimensions of the universe and what is the function of time and what role does it play in controlling the properties of the universe and of its contents. Does time have a beginning and an end? These questions are to be solved by the scientists in future. Among many other questions - the most important one is - was the universe created by any independent entity or had it come into existence by itself. This question is great by important for conceiving the faith in religions. Plainly can it be concluded, if it is proved beyond doubt that the universe has come into existence by itself in which case the faith in religions would perish in no time? But at present it is rather impossible to foresee such state to come. Religious m-1 faiths have, so deeply rooted into our societies that they nourish continuously our mind with peace, tranquility and unit. They also teach a man to be accountable to himself for his contribution to his society. The somatic religions firmly advocate the existence of a unique Creator who has created the universe and all its contents including laws and byelaws governing the universe. There are many other religions also which have bypassed the question on the existence of a unique creator and have taught their societies to be satisfied with their own identity in the midst of available objects required to lead peaceful life. The main drawback in the character of our general mass is the lack of interest to conceive of any complicated subject such as the mystery of the universe.
But from time to time a few people possessed great urge to move forward with their active brains to understand the unknown mysteries of the universe in their own ways - what is the universe and how has it come into existence? No doubt a man has limited wits, but the collective eff6fts of groups of highly eager persons to penetrate through dark universe have continuously been applied in research. These persons have developed mathematics as well as geometry for various branches of science to tackle complicated problems. As for example, we know that our knowledge in arithmetic in plane algebra cannot be used to represent mathematically the form of the trajectory path that is followed by a stone thrown above the ground. Calculus, a branch of mathematics dealing with the minute step of changes in the direction of its path or any other event has been developed. Generally, our mathematics, dealing with the space has been developed based on Euclidean geometry which is applicable to plane surfaces, and later, it is -further developed for a three space dimension. Before the scientific era of Einstein the free space of the universe was assumed to be a three space dimension having length, width and height with respect to any position on the earth (say) but at present astronomers have discarded in many cases this type of space dimension and they have accepted it as a complicated time-dependent curved space. So, for this, more complicated astronomical mathematics haft to be developed. We know two parallel straight lines never meet each other if they are drawn in a plane sheet of paper. This will not be true, if they are drawn on a curved surface. Similarly triangle losses the property of having total internal angle equal to 360˚. Vector algebra has been developed for time-dependent rotating parameters. Similarly tensor algeb6 and many other branches of mathematics are being used to develop mathematical models of physical objects and other associated phenomena.
In our practical world, there are thousands of different bodies which possess three dimensional identities. Our universe is seen to be a three dimensional space and even Sir Isaac Newton who was supposed to be one of the best talented figure-P in the scientific world assumed the space as a three dimensional figure in his mathematical model of the universe. Later when Einstein included time component and wave theories in the analysis of his space model, he realized that the model of the universe was better represent able with respect to the curved feature of free space to understand the behavior of light rays in space, relative dependence of mass, energy and velocity of light etc. In fact, the k) developments of mathematical models of the universe and their contents are far advanced now and as a result the predictions on the properties of the universe can, be made in advance. Scientists are lagging behind either to prove them true or to discard them out through experiments.
At early age of science the subject was regarded as a branch of philosophy, because at that time science was mostly based on hypothesis. Mathematical analysis was also based on it. In many cases, experimental proofs were beyond attainability. It is more likely that the philosophers were puzzled with apparent observations. Once the people of old ages believed that the earth surface was flat. The belief cropped up in their minds when they observed still water in oceans. This belief prevailed through many centuries, until the Greeks discovered that the elevation of the Pole star increased while their ships sailed towards the north of Greece owl, and decreased, while they moved towards the south. Aristotle mentioned the phenomena in his bookin'340 A.D. In early 17th century, Galileo confirmed the roundness of the earth during the lunar eclipses by observing the round shadow of the earth cast on the moon through his newly invented telescope. But why the water of oceans remained still on the curved surface was clearly understood when Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of Gravitation. The gravitational force of the earth is responsible for holding the water over the round surface. There hundred and thousand instances can be cited, as science is continuously struggling to clear up the knowledge from the net, s of illusion or apparent observation. We accept many mathematical models on the properties and the configurations of the universe as if they depict true pictures, but those models may be set aside and new models will take up their places in future.
The modem scientific studies on the universe are mainly dependent on optical and radio telescopes. Optical telescopes collect light rays reaching the earth surface and radio telescopes pick up electromagnetic radiations of wide frequency range. Other groups of important instruments are radiation meters and particle detectors which detect various kinds of radiations, such as heat, x-rays, 3k radiation, gamma rays, and charged particles as mesons, and most recently discovered uncharged molecular particles respectively.
The research activities in Astronomy and Astrophysics are -progressing so rapidly now that it becomes difficult for general people to follow them up. Theoretical physicists are interested in finding out the origin of the universe, its trend of evolutions during the past billions of years, the old and present states of materials of the celestial bodies, properties of time in space, the physical state of the free space, thermal states of stars and planets, the radiations from their bodies, the fate of radiations during elapse of time and many other physical, chemical, biological and atomic properties of elements.
Scientists are now dealing with partial theories. There are several different theories a several events happening on properties of matters, as for example, theories on the gravitational force, quantum mechanics on atomic structures, propagation of electromagnetic waves etc. may be mentioned in this regard. However, there are four important partial theories on forces. The forces include strong nuclear force and weak gravitational force and others. The new grand unified theory will give us direction that our universe has a unique origin and evolutions have taken place throughout the ages under the guidance of One, what may be is form. People who believe in oneness of the creator will be satisfied in such progress in science, and even the physical feature of the creator of the universe may remain unknown to them. This matter will remain under the conceptions and guidance.
In the story of Islam is seer that the developments in the cultures of arts and architecture and in mathematics and science were accelerated during the Abbasid and the Umayyad dynasties and they received new trends when the Greek left them aside. Particularly one can cite the name of Al-Haz ibna Matar (827-28 A.D) who composed two very important books m continuation of the subject of Astronomy after Ptolemy (2nd century A.D). The trend of advancement in the field of the cultures continued even up to the fourteenth century and that had left behind in the universities of Cordovan, Seville, and Malaga in Spain as the witness. But later many scientists and culturist, who advocated for freedom in speaking and thinking, had lost their lives under the pressure of a class of orthodox people. People had wrong idea. About science as if the subject would divert the people from unconditional submission to the Creator of the universe. Fundamentalists still believe that what science tells us truth today, may disprove it tomorrow. We may remember that a renowned scientist James Jeans said- "We can never say that any theory is final or corresponds to absolute truth, because at any moment new facts may be discovered and compel us to abandon it". But
The saying must not mean that one day the sun may revolve round the earth as it was believed at the early age of science. Einstein said that he believed, in the existence of a creator of the universe, but he did not what was the relation between, him and the creator of the universe.
What Einstein's sense of mind was searching for will never be the subject of mathematics or physics or biology. We only go up to the fact that man is but a part and parcel of the universe. A part of our general people may be in tune to the saying of Einstein. But a big question remains before all oil' us that our long aged civilization has grown up on faiths in the existence of a Creator- who is molding the fates of all the creatures including the intelligent human being. Even a part of human race becomes absolutely convinced that man has no relation with the creator of the universe at all. He flash appeared on the earth by chance in a nick of time in long past and he has acquired the present configuration through natural evolutions and other death there is an absolute end of it. But majority cannot over turn their faiths in religions. Since a religion is not only the father of civilization, but also it guides a person individually to be responsible to himself for his own activities.
Almost all the religions advocate that the universe has been created by some Supreme Power having all senses and ingenious faculties which are far beyond the conception of human race. The Quran like other Semitic religions scriptures advocates that Allah or God (or He is called by any other name) is the sole creator of the universe and everything existing in it.
Even in the present era of science, we all speak, “the sun rises in the east and sets in the west", - which is apparently true and makes us believe that the sun revolves round the earth. This sort of error we make every day. It is being emphasized because absolute and apparent truth or false4play with our mind raising conflict between loose belief and conviction. Belief in God or in Theism started to grow from the very beginning of             the history of civilization. Many doctrines have developed on Theism. Many other opinions, about the non-existence of any creator have also developed among the human race where Atheism predominates.
The contents of this book are divided into two parts. The first part deals with the scientific universe in short and the second one with the Quranic universe.
The first chapter discusses in short what are taught to man through the old religious books about the universe and the 2nd chapter deals with a short history of the development of Astronomy - a subject on the universe based on scientific studies. The third chapter deals with the middle age of the scientific universe and the last chapter with the modem feature of elements. In the Quran, the feature of the universe is described in short verses. Though these verses project a different picture of the universe in a limited range, it may also be possible to see it in the light of the modern scientific findings and theories.
The writer believes that the Quran has been sent down (Surat 16/89, in Ref.1) from the heaven and its verses indicate the real picture of-the universe. Ht is seen apparently that many verses support the old views on the universe but the statements of the verses are expressed in such a way that they are explicable in the Right of modern science. We must remember that the Quran is basically a religious book where it deals mainly with theology covering the ideal human character that should be possessed by the believers in the Creator and in the way of Rife which reads them to be nearer to Him. It also advocates the existence of separate worlds in the universe where human souls take rest after death.